Operation Gladio

NATO's confirmed stay-behind armies. Some, inquiries found, stopped staying behind.

NATO's stay-behind networks — armed, trained, cached across Western Europe against Soviet occupation — confirmed by Italian PM Andreotti's 1990 parliamentary admission, followed by governments across the continent. The European Parliament's November 1990 resolution demanded investigations. The dark half remains contested: Italian inquiries and the testimony of neo-fascist operatives linked stay-behind personnel and arms to the strategy-of-tension bombings (Piazza Fontana, Bologna) blamed contemporaneously on the left. Connects P2 (the lodge where the networks' Italian names recur), false flags (the alleged method), and the template of secret armies outliving their charters.